When GORE-TEX gets wet, its revolutionary waterproof and breathable membrane continues to function, preventing external water from penetrating while allowing internal moisture vapor to escape. This means you stay dry from both rain and sweat, a key benefit of this advanced material.
Understanding GORE-TEX: More Than Just Waterproof
GORE-TEX is a brand synonymous with high-performance outdoor gear, particularly jackets and footwear. Its magic lies in a microporous membrane that is both waterproof and highly breathable. But what precisely happens when this advanced fabric encounters water?
How GORE-TEX Works: The Science Behind the Dryness
The GORE-TEX membrane is made of a material called expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). This material contains billions of microscopic pores per square inch. These pores are about 20,000 times smaller than a water droplet, making it virtually impossible for liquid water to pass through.
However, these same pores are about 700 times larger than a water vapor molecule. This crucial difference allows perspiration vapor to escape from the inside of your garment, keeping you comfortable and preventing that clammy feeling.
What Happens When GORE-TEX Gets Wet: A Closer Look
When GORE-TEX fabric gets wet, the waterproof membrane itself doesn’t absorb water. Instead, water might bead up on the surface or, over time, can saturate the outer fabric. This outer layer, often called the face fabric, is treated with a Durable Water Repellent (DWR) coating.
This DWR coating is designed to make water bead up and roll off. If the DWR wears off, the face fabric can become "wetted out." This means it absorbs water, making the garment feel heavy and less breathable.
The Role of the DWR Coating
The DWR is the first line of defense against external moisture. It’s not part of the waterproof membrane but a treatment applied to the outermost layer. When this treatment is intact, water beads up and rolls off, allowing the GORE-TEX membrane to perform at its best.
Over time and with regular use, the DWR coating can degrade. Factors like dirt, oils, and abrasion contribute to its wear. When this happens, the outer fabric can absorb water.
Impact of a Wetted-Out Face Fabric
A wetted-out face fabric doesn’t mean your GORE-TEX gear has failed to be waterproof. The ePTFE membrane is still preventing water from getting through to your skin. However, the absorbed water in the outer layer can:
- Reduce breathability: The trapped moisture in the face fabric can hinder the escape of your sweat vapor.
- Increase weight: The fabric becomes noticeably heavier when saturated.
- Lower thermal insulation: A wet outer layer loses its ability to insulate effectively.
- Feel uncomfortable: The clammy sensation can be unpleasant during outdoor activities.
Maintaining Your GORE-TEX Gear for Optimal Performance
To ensure your GORE-TEX gear continues to perform at its peak, proper care is essential. This involves regular cleaning and reapplication of DWR treatments.
Cleaning Your GORE-TEX Garments
Cleaning your GORE-TEX clothing is straightforward. Use a mild liquid detergent and wash on a warm, gentle cycle. Avoid using fabric softeners, bleach, or stain removers, as these can damage the membrane and DWR coating.
Always rinse thoroughly to remove all detergent residue. After washing, tumble dry on a medium heat setting for about 20 minutes. The heat reactivates the DWR treatment, helping to restore its water-repellent properties.
Reapplying DWR Treatment
If you notice water no longer beads up on your GORE-TEX gear, it’s time to reapply a DWR treatment. You can purchase spray-on or wash-in DWR products specifically designed for waterproof-breathable fabrics. Follow the product instructions carefully for best results.
Example: After a strenuous hike in damp conditions, you might notice your GORE-TEX jacket feels heavier and less comfortable. This is likely due to the face fabric being wetted out. Cleaning it and reapplying a DWR treatment can restore its performance.
GORE-TEX vs. Other Waterproofing Technologies
While GORE-TEX is a leading name, other brands offer their own waterproof-breathable technologies. Understanding the differences can help you choose the right gear for your needs.
| Feature | GORE-TEX (Standard) | eVent | Futurelight (The North Face) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waterproofness | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent |
| Breathability | Very Good | Excellent | Excellent |
| Durability | Very Good | Good | Very Good |
| Construction | Microporous ePTFE | Direct venting ePTFE | Electrospun polyurethane |
| Maintenance | Requires DWR care | Less sensitive to dirt | Requires DWR care |
Note: Breathability can be subjective and depend on specific product construction and environmental conditions.
Frequently Asked Questions About GORE-TEX
Here are answers to some common questions about how GORE-TEX performs when wet.
### Does GORE-TEX stop being waterproof when wet?
No, GORE-TEX does not stop being waterproof when wet. The waterproof membrane itself remains impermeable to liquid water. If the outer fabric gets saturated, it’s because the DWR coating has worn off, not because the membrane has failed.
### How do I know if my GORE-TEX jacket needs re-waterproofing?
You’ll know your GORE-TEX jacket needs re-waterproofing when water no longer beads up on the surface. Instead, the fabric will darken and appear to absorb moisture. This indicates the DWR treatment has degraded and needs to be reapplied.
### Can I use regular detergent to wash GORE-TEX?
It’s best to use a mild liquid detergent specifically designed for technical outerwear or a small amount of regular liquid detergent without additives like fabric softeners or bleach. These additives can damage the membrane and the DWR coating, reducing its effectiveness.
### How often should I clean my GORE-TEX gear?
You should clean your GORE-TEX gear every few uses or whenever it appears dirty or loses its water repellency. Regular cleaning not only maintains performance but also helps to prolong the life of the garment by removing dirt and oils that can degrade the DWR.
### Is GORE-TEX breathable when it’s raining heavily?
Yes, GORE-TEX remains breathable even in heavy rain. The breathable membrane allows moisture vapor from your sweat to escape. However, extreme humidity or a heavily wetted-out face fabric can temporarily reduce the perceived breathability.
Conclusion: Staying Dry and Comfortable with GORE-TEX
In summary, when GORE